Role Of Gramin Banks In Indian Rural Development

INTRODUCTION:

The Gramin Banks are the banks which are set up mainly for the purpose of serving the rural areas. The word “Gramin” in Hindi means village or rural area. These banks are also under the control of India’s central bank “The Reserve bank of India.”

POPULAR GRAMIN BANKS:

There are many Gramin banks all over India. A few of them are:
1. Andhra Pradesh Gramin Vikas Bank
2. Rushkuliya Bank
3. Utkal Bank
4. Assam Gramin Bank
5. Arunachal Pradesh Rural Bank
6. Chaitanya Godavari Bank
7. Deccan Gramin Bank
8. Saptagiri Bank
9. Andhra Pragathi Bank
10. Langpi Rural Bank
11. Uttar Bihar Bank
12. Madhya Bihar Bank

SERVICES OFFERED BY GRAMIN BANKS:

Some of the services offered by most of the gramin banks are:
1. Issue of Gramin Pay Order (Multi City Cheques).
2. Lockers facility.
3. Demand Drafts and Cheques Purchase facility.
4. Collection of outstation cheques.
5. Issue of solvency certificates.
6. Issue of Bank Guarantees.

LOANS GIVEN BY GRAMIN BANKS:

The types of loans given by Gramin Banks are:
1. Crop Loans (Agricultural cash credits).
2. Poultry Vikas (Loans for Broiler Contract Farming).
3. Grameena Gruha Vika (Rural Housing Loans).
4. Agricultural Purpose Credit Card.
5. House Building loans to Public.
6. Personal Loans as a Mortgage of Immovable property.
7. Financing of Matured SHGs for farm production.
8. Loans to senior citizens and Pensioners.
9. Vehicle Loans.
10. Dairy Loans(for Dairy farming).
11. Farm Mechanization and Tractor Loans for farmers.
12. Mortgage Loans to facilitate Industry, Trade and Services Sector in rural areas.
The crop loans are given on furnishing to the bank a copy of the documents of the land possessed by the farmer on which he is going to cultivate. The rates of interest will be low and certain allowances like: to pay the loan back after sale of crops, etc., are given to the farmers.
In the same way the loans are also given specially for the purchase of tractors and other machinery needed for cultivation.
There are also loans given specially for poultry farming, dairy-farming, rural housing, small-scale industries and cottage industries.
Here the schemes and rates of interest of loans are specially formulated for the purpose of the above. The term of loan, rates of interest and documents needed for getting the loan sanctioned are all set as per the purpose.

RURAL SERVICES:

The Gramin banks are specially set up for helping and uplifting the rural areas. These banks set up their branches in many of the villages as per the need. Banks are set up in the most remote areas and are provided with internet and computerization to keep the records regularly updated. With this, the time needed for a person from a village to go to a bank in a city far off from his place for his needs is reduced. Even the fare for the journey is saved. In this way rural banks cater to the needs of the villagers by offering them services at their doorstep.

The Gramin banks also give Gold Loans, i.e., money in exchange for gold.
The Gramin banks give special support to the Self help Groups of the villages too. The self-help groups are usually set up by a group of men or women in a village who prepare goods and some food items on a small scale and sell them in the market. The required monetary help for the raw materials for these self-help groups is given by the these banks.

CONCLUSION:

Thus, Gramin banks are an integral part for the growth of agricultural sector and rural areas. They Indian Government has introduced a large number of schemes through these banks for the equitable development of the nation.
Gramin banks play an important role in India’s rural development. Being a government owned public sector bank, it also provides employment opportunities with job security for people in rural areas.

Agriculture Institute in India Economy is Mainly Based on Agriculture

Indian economy is mainly based on agriculture. Most of the people live in villages and their main source of income is agriculture. There are a number of agriculture based companies are there and they play a huge role in the development and reforms in agriculture. Due to the presence of these agriculture majors, there are plenty of jobs available in this sector.

To get a god and interesting agriculture job, you need to get a good degree from a reputed institute. There are a number of good Agriculture institute in india those provides management degree in agriculture. You can either earn a degree or can get on-the-job training. Either of these manners of preparation will work to help you with your career, although formal education is over and over again more helpful for finding higher-paying jobs.

An MBA degree in agriculture will surely help you to get a high-paid job. If you are choosing to acquire a college degree in agriculture, there are quite a lot of options. There are several top agro business colleges in India from where you could get a degree in anything from agri business management programme, to animal sciences, to herd management or crop and soil development. Many colleges offer general courses in agriculture to assist students make a decision what they want to accentuate in their educational career. It is always obliging to talk with advisers for information about classes, career options, and course requirements. This option is well-liked for many because it allows students to choose their own area of study that suits their interests. Many agriculture students also get scholarships and internships to help them learn more about the field.

The top agriculture institute in India also provide on-the-job training facility for students. You can also get these facilities at many organizations. You can easily focus more on agricultural methods and practice. This option also pledges that you have a job after you are done training. Often, the more training you collect the more skills you obtain and the more opportunities you have for receiving higher pay rates. Employers also get to know you and often provide optimistic references for other job opportunities that come along.

As the agriculture sector in India is getting new heights due to the insertion of new technology and methods, it demands a skilled workforce for them. Agri business colleges in India are providing some of the best MBA graduates for agriculture sector.

Alder Helmat has been offering agri business management programme and management advice for quite some time. To find top agriculture institute in India and Search management online that best suits for more information you can visit here: http://www.afmiworld.org/.

How could we get blended solutions for our agriculture when affecting the soil and climate

There are various factors involved in agriculture. Listed below are Physical Conditions along with the books to refer about them. Physical conditions that affecting agriculture are 1. Soils and Fertilizers The richness of the soil is a very important physical factor affecting agriculture. Soils differ in respect of chemical composition and physical. Soils may be fine or coarse, porous or non-porous. In general fine soils like loam or silt are very fertile. The chemical composition of the soil determines its productivity. Sustainability of agricultural systems is a major global concern due to population growth and a number of environmental factors. The key to the management of soil fertility and also impart a scrupulous understanding of plant nutrition, soil fertility, nutrients supplied through fertilizers and manures, manufacture of fertilizers and preparation of manures play a vital role. During recent decades of research by a large group of agricultural scientists working in the diagnostic field, many new methods have been devised to aid farmers in fertilizing their crops more effectively. A major objective of this book is to bring together in one volume a comprehensive discussion of both the underlying theory and the practical application of these various techniques. To attain that objective, the services of a group of distinguished Scientists were enlisted to prepare the various chapters. These scientists are outstanding in their respective spheres of work, both as to theory and as to practice. 2. Climate Climate change is a hard reality and changing weather patterns, retreating glaciers, polar ice melt, sea level rise, increased severity and occurrence of natural disasters like flood, super cyclone, drought, changes in hydrological cycles, crisis in freshwater and drinking water resources, uncertainty in cereal output, increasing vector borne diseases, changing migration pattern and flowering time, are just some of the consequences already being experienced by us. Fragile and delicate ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves are extremely sensitive to the slightest variation in climate. In developing countries like India, climate change may contribute an additional burden on ecological and socio-economic systems associated with rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. Apart from the above physical condition Agriculture Engineers must have the knowledge of Basics of Agriculture to perform the services in their respective field. The scientific approach for understanding of the problems concerning soil, plants, agricultural equipments and their management is really important. Another aspect is Rainwater harvesting which is a technique for accumulating and storing of rainwater, channelized to flow to the ponds, lakes and over- and underground storage places, which can be used not only to recharge the groundwater, but also to provide drinking water, for irrigation, livestock as well as other typical uses given to water. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as roof tops and/or other types of manmade above ground hard surfaces. Rainwater harvesting also aids in keeping the village roads from getting slushy during the rains and maintaining the transport mobility and prevent flooding in some urban areas. http://www.astralint.com/indian-books/state-of-the-art-report-on-sustainable-rainwater-harvesting-and-groundwater-rechare-in-developing-countiresnam-sandt-cen/isbn-9788170357704.aspx

For more books on agriculture visit http://www.astralint.com/indian-books/basics-of-agriculture-for-engineers-pbk/isbn-9789351242604.aspx

Influence Of The New Moon

Sir Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity speaks that every particle attracts every other particle with a force that depends on their masses and the distance between them. The moon constantly attracts the earth behaves like a loose garment that can be pulled out from the body to fall back again. It implies that every day, when the moon is directly overhead, the water of the earth flows out towards the moon, and causes high tide. Hence, during the full moon, the attraction is greater than the normal. Dr. Lyall Watson writes in Supernature (London, 1973, p. 49) that, “Every drop of water in the ocean responds to this force, and every living marinal animal and plant is made aware of the rhythm. The lives of those that inhabit the margins of the seas depend entirely on this awareness.”

Sir J.G. Frazer has discussed the influence of the new moon and propounded that it brings fertility and causes growth in agriculture (The Golden Bough, London, 1956, p. 128). Sir Frank Browne writes in his remarks in 1964 that, “The life of the oyster has a marked rhythm that corresponds to the tidal rhythm of the waters. The fascinating thing; however was that the behaviour of all the oysters had altered in exactly the same way, and they were still keeping time with each other. The oysters had adopted a new rhythm and now opened up at the time of tide. This is the first piece of scientific evidence to show that even an organism living away from the ocean tides could be influenced by the coming out of new moon” (Living Organism, London, 1969, p. 12).

The small silver fish, known as Grunion survives on its response to the lunar cycle. Shortly after the new moon from March to August, the Grunion appears on the surface on the shores of California. The Grunion leave their eggs buried in the wet sand undisturbed for two weeks, because the waves of water will not come until new moon. When the spring tide occurs, the larvae have completely developed and they break out of the eggs and swim away through the surf. The ability of the Grunion to reproduce is thus controlled by the new moon.

Land animals are also influenced by the new moon. The May flies may live only for a few hours, during which time they have to find another fly mate and lay their eggs in water. To accomplish this, it is necessary that all the flies emerge together at around the same time. Lake Victoria, the source of Nile river has a successful species of May fly, called Provilla Adusta. These insects use the new moon as a signal for the time to emerge, and thus ensure the survival of their species (The Sea Around Us, London, 1979, p. 15 by Rachel Carson).

The human birth times are closely linked to the lunar cycle. The two doctors collected information on more than half a million birth that occurred in New York hospital between 1948 and 1957. This instance showed a clear report of normal delivery chiefly during the new moon (Lunar Periodicity in Human Reproduction, New York, 1959)

There is a close connection between the new moon and the bleeding in general. The scientists have discovered that the new moon controls the flow of blood in the same way that it controls the tides. Edson Andrew reports that in a survey of over a thousand bleeders, the patients needing unusual means of hemostats (of preventing bleeding) on the operating table. Almost 82% of all the bleeding crisis occurred between the first and the last quarters of the moon. It means that a minimum of crisis (only 18%) occurred in that half of the lunar month centered around the new moon. Dr. Andrew comments, “These data have been so conclusive and convincing to me that I threaten to become a witch-doctor and operate on dark night only, saving the moonlight nights for romance.” When it is moonlight, it is not new moon as during new moon, there is no light (Cycle in your Life, London, 1976 by Dr. Duff)

Leonard Ravitz had discovered a direct physiological link between man and the moon. He found that all people show a cyclic pattern between the head and a chest reading, which is in accordance with the lunar cycle, vide Periodic Changes in Electromagnetic Fields, New York, 1960 by L.V. Ravitz.

It is well known fact that mental patients or lunatics are greatly influenced mentally by the lunar cycle. The full moon is a time of unusually high activity among the mental patients, and the staff working in mental hospitals is not generally permitted to take a day off when it is full moon, because the whole group of staff is required to be able to manage the increased activity amongst the patients. In contrast, the new moon is a time of unusual quiet among mental patients. Activity in normal hospitals is also significantly increased at the time of full moon.

Whatever the time chosen, there are two days in every month and such days are when the sun and moon come into opposition, i.e., the new moon. On such occasions, the spiritual forces are released on earth and the aspirant must take an advantage of them. These forces are grace for those who are meditating, vide The Quest of the Ourself by Paul Brunton.

The Benefits Of Plastic Lumber

Plastic lumber is a product manufactured from a mixture of recovered materials such as plastic. The product resembles wood and can be used in place of wood, concrete or metal to perform various structural functions. These applications include building recreational equipment, landscaping, and decking. The product however has not yet fully substituted wood in all its functions since it is still under research.

The most common uses of plastic lumber or RPL include: gardening where it is used for making flowerpots, compost bins and fences; agriculture where it is used in making ranch fences, vine stakes, animal stalls and gates; building recreational equipment such as playground equipment, picnic tables, park benches, informational kiosks and decking; among other uses.

There are four major types of Plastic wood, namely; Commingled RPL, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) RPL, Fibre-Reinforced RPL, and Wood-Filled RPL. The types are highly dependent on the composition of materials. The first type is the Commingled RPL which is made from recycled thermoplastic and consisting majorly of polyethylene. This is so far the cheapest type to manufacture and is mostly used for landscaping and decking.

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Recycled Plastic Lumber, on other hand, is of higher density than the Commingled variety; hence a bit more costly. It has a distinct advantage in that it is available in a wide range of colours. It is also suitable for landscaping functions and decking.

The third type is manufactured by mixing plastic and glass fibre. The glass fibre is used to reinforce and can be in either continuous or chopped strands. This variety is suited for structural support applications due to the stiffness of the product. A similar product is the Wood-filled Plastic Lumber, which is made by mixing plastic with sawdust. The sawdust fibres reinforce the lumber resulting in great traction and creating a rough texture that is ideal for painting.

Plastic Lumber has several distinct advantages over wood. To begin with, Recycled Plastic Wood is more durable, nontoxic, clean, and nonporous. Other advantages include resistance to moisture and chemicals, maintenance free, splinter free hence no cracking, resistant to graffiti, do not require painting since they are already coloured,, impervious to insects, do not require preservatives or sealants; among others.

Plastic Wood is also very beneficial to the community. Since the lumber is maintenance free, it is a cost effective option for the community and government projects. In addition, it is environmentally friendly since it reduces plastic waste in landfills. Apart from that, Recycled Plastic Timber leads to reduction in treated wood waste.

In comparison to wood, Plastic Lumber is slightly expensive to purchase. However, when the life-cycle costs i. E. Maintenance and replacement that are associated with wood are included, Recycled Plastic Wood is more cost effective. It is also important to note that RPL can be recycled at the end of its useful life; thus making it superior to wood.

Briquetting Of Biomass – Create Bio Briquettes From Agriculture Waste

Briquette fuel produced from briquetting of biomass is fairly good substitute for coal, lignite, firewood. Fuel from biomass briquetting is the process of converting low bulk density biomass into high density and energy concentrated bio briquettes. Compared to fire wood or loose biomass, bio briquette gives much higher boiler efficiency because of low moisture and higher density.
* Biomass Briquettes coal is cheaper than usual coal.
* Oil, coal or lignite, once used, cannot be replaced.
* High sulfur content of oil and coal, when burnt, pollutes the environment. There is no sulfur in biomass Briquettes coal.
* Biomass briquettes have a higher practical thermal value and much lower ash content (2-10% as compared to 20-40% in coal).
* There is no fly ash when burning briquettes fuel.
* Briquettes fuel has consistent quality, has high burning efficiency, and is ideally sized for complete combustion.
* Combustion is more uniform compared to coal and boiler response to changes in steam requirements is faster due to higher quantity of volatile matter in briquettes.
* Briquettes are usually produced near the consumption centers and supplies do not depend on erratic transport from long distances.
The composition of the Briquettes biomass varies by area due to the availability of raw materials. The raw materials are gathered and compressed into briquetting machines in order to burn longer and make transportation of the goods easier. Compared to fossil fuels, the biomass briquettes produce low net total greenhouse gas emissions because the materials used are already a part of the carbon cycle.
Briquettes in India helps processing of the material in pieces of geometrically regular and uniform in each case form, almost same mass. Biomass Briquette manufacturers create additional raw materials of fine materials whose use is inefficient and inconvenient as well as recycled waste.
This can be prevented by using biomass briquettes for electricity generation instead of other energy sources. A renewable resource can be replaced as needed without hurting the planet or the inhabitants. Biomass in India is now used by many companies as it is environment friendly. Briquetting machine price can also be high. The fixed costs with creating those products are high because of the brand-new undeveloped technologies that concentrate on the extraction, production and storage within the fuel.

English Speaking Jobs In Germany

The job market in Germany can be considered a little biased because more priority is given to German speakers in place of English speakers. Though English is considered as an essential language in many jobs that are being offered in Germany, but to ensure deep footings you have to have a complete know how of German language too.

Jobs in Munich, Germany

Many companies in Munich offer jobs for English speaking professionals. Companies like Expedia Inc which deals in press and communication, Frog Design, Red Hat, Apple, Microsoft Deutschland GmbH (Cloud Computing) sales consultant, Cisco systems and many more companies provide job opportunities to English speaking professionals. To give you an idea here is the sample of job description.

Company: Frog Design-Munich, Germany
Design and multi media- Senior Visual Designer
Job type: full time
Experience: 6-10 years
Education: Masters or equivalent
Language skills: German and English

Jobs in the rest of Germany

Germany provides wide range of job opportunities in a number of sectors. To start with, jobs in Finance sectors are abundant for English speaking professionals. Job seekers can apply as Sales representative, customer care executive, Personal Assistant, finance manager and legal secretary. In administration as well the applicants can apply as personal assistants and legal secretaries.

If you are looking for jobs in German banging sector, you have to be a strong bilingual for that. For securing a job in German banking, you need to have full command in both German and English language.
Jobs in telecommunication are also in abundance for English speaking job seekers. You can apply as Field service engineer, software developer for mobile device, sales engineer or wireless technical support engineer. Marketing sector has as well has a lot of opportunities for English speakers for instance you can be employed as sales representative, personal assistant, account manager or sales manager. Siemens, SAP Bosch, BMW, Deutsche Bank, BASF, Allianz, Diamler, Volkswagen and Bayer are some of the famous companies in Germany.

Taxation

Taxation in Germany is progressive in nature, higher payable taxes for higher income groups. Income tax in Germany is divided in to seven categories i-e income from businesses, self employed work, employed work, capital income, property income, agriculture/forestry and others. Tax rate is from 0-45%. Individuals who are residing in Germany are liable to pay tax, both income tax and tax on all sources of money that the individual earns from abroad.